Consumer's Shopping Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Customer's Shopping Experience - Essay Example In this manner from the conversation we can show up at the meanings of the three sorts of buys. The low association buy suggests the purchasing procedure where the buyers don't see the item to be sufficiently urgent and don't relate with it unequivocally (staff.uny.ac., n.d.). In this sort of procurement choice the client invests minimal energy in perusing, looking at and choosing exercises. Case of low association buy could be buying easygoing day by day wear shirts. The medium association buy infers the acquisition of items like the staple things like toothpaste and paper and so forth that requires medium degree of data gathering try and the purchaser joins themselves with the item to a medium level. For a medium level item the purchaser invests a moderate degree of energy towards the perusing, looking at and choosing strategy. The high contribution buy manages significant level of association of the client with the item or administration they are wanting to buy. These kinds of ite ms or administrations are far more costly than the medium and low contribution items. The time spent on the dynamic procedure is the longest for the high association items. ... Among these classes chocolates, dairy items and frozen yogurts will be ordered as the high-association items, while the Purina pet consideration will be considered as the medium inclusion buy and the filtered water will be the low contribution buy. Advertising systems attempted by the creators of Nestle would urge the purchaser to look for all the data with respect to low contribution buys, medium inclusion buys and high association buys since the tasks and exercises of Nestle are very straightforward and all the data are accessible on the web. The shoppers have the choice to make the buy online through the Nestle nourishment store. For a high inclusion buy the advertiser must present some data with respect to the item or administration which the assistance the formation of an empowering disposition for the brand that will subsequently bring about a buy. The ads for this situation ought to be centered around the accurate centrality. The difficult acknowledgment state for this situati on mirrors the uncertainty in the psyche of the purchaser with respect to the buy choice which must be replied by the accessibility of point by point data identified with value, quality and material of the item. The issue on account of medium inclusion buy requires a sufficient measure of data and a decent measure of time for looking at the comparative items. For this situation the advertiser must think of viable special crusades to impact the choice of the buyers. The low association buy choice offers ascend to the issue of absence of devotion. For this situation the advertiser requires making and keeping up brand unwavering quality among

Protein Synthesis Essay -- Papers

Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the procedure whereby DNA (deoxyribonucleic corrosive) codes for the creation of fundamental proteins, for example, catalysts and hormones. Proteins are long chains of atoms called amino acids. Various proteins are made by utilizing various groupings and shifting quantities of amino acids. The littlest protein comprises of fifty amino acids and the biggest is around 3,000 amino acids long. Protein blend happens on ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell however is constrained by DNA situated in the core. Protein blend is a two-section process that includes a second kind of nucleic corrosive alongside DNA. This second kind of nucleic corrosive is RNA, ribonucleic corrosive. RNA contrasts from DNA in three principle regards. To begin with, the sugar units in RNA are ribose when contrasted with DNA's deoxyribose. In view of this distinction, RNA doesn't tie to the nucleotide base Thymine (T), rather, RNA contains the nucleotide base Uracil (U) instead of T. (RNA additionally contains the other three bases: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). Besides, RNA, in contrast to DNA is a solitary abandoned atom and is in this way not attached to a complimentary base. The third contrast among RNA and DNA is that there are three various sorts of RNA, mRNA (courier RNA), tRNA (move RNA) and rRNA (ribosome RNA). mRNA conveys the hereditary code (guidelines how to collect the protein) from the DNA in the core to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. tRNA gets and moves amino acids from cytoplasm to the mRNA on the ribosomes and is formed like a cloverleaf. rRNA structures an auxiliary piece of ribosome that helps join the amino corrosive... ...RNA strand can then either be utilized again to make more proteins or be separated into their different nucleotides. Protein Synthesis is the procedure whereby DNA codes for the creation of fundamental proteins. This procedure can be partitioned into two sections, interpretation and interpretation. Interpretation is the creation of mRNA from a DNA layout. mRNA conveys the data from the core to the cytoplasm, which is the place protein amalgamation happens. Before the union of a protein starts, amino acids are connected to the tRNA particle, which ship and connect them to the mRNA with the guide of rRNA, this is known as interpretation. Peptide bonds at that point structure between the amino acids. When the chain is finished the polypeptide chain isolates from the tRNA and move in to the cytoplasm and along these lines a protein is framed. Protein Synthesis Essay - Papers Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the procedure whereby DNA (deoxyribonucleic corrosive) codes for the creation of fundamental proteins, for example, chemicals and hormones. Proteins are long chains of atoms called amino acids. Various proteins are made by utilizing various successions and differing quantities of amino acids. The littlest protein comprises of fifty amino acids and the biggest is around 3,000 amino acids long. Protein blend happens on ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell however is constrained by DNA situated in the core. Protein blend is a two-section process that includes a second kind of nucleic corrosive alongside DNA. This second kind of nucleic corrosive is RNA, ribonucleic corrosive. RNA contrasts from DNA in three primary regards. To start with, the sugar units in RNA are ribose when contrasted with DNA's deoxyribose. Due to this distinction, RNA doesn't tie to the nucleotide base Thymine (T), rather, RNA contains the nucleotide base Uracil (U) instead of T. (RNA likewise contains the other three bases: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). Also, RNA, in contrast to DNA is a solitary abandoned atom and is accordingly not attached to a complimentary base. The third contrast among RNA and DNA is that there are three various sorts of RNA, mRNA (detachment RNA), tRNA (move RNA) and rRNA (ribosome RNA). mRNA conveys the hereditary code (directions how to gather the protein) from the DNA in the core to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. tRNA gets and moves amino acids from cytoplasm to the mRNA on the ribosomes and is molded like a cloverleaf. rRNA structures a basic piece of ribosome that helps join the amino corrosive... ...RNA strand can then either be utilized again to make more proteins or be separated into their different nucleotides. Protein Synthesis is the procedure whereby DNA codes for the creation of fundamental proteins. This procedure can be separated into two sections, interpretation and interpretation. Interpretation is the creation of mRNA from a DNA layout. mRNA conveys the data from the core to the cytoplasm, which is the place protein combination happens. Before the blend of a protein starts, amino acids are connected to the tRNA particle, which move and connect them to the mRNA with the guide of rRNA, this is known as interpretation. Peptide bonds at that point structure between the amino acids. When the chain is finished the polypeptide chain isolates from the tRNA and move in to the cytoplasm and along these lines a protein is shaped.

How to Use Online Dating Apps Safely

How to Use Online Dating Apps Safely Relationships Print How to Use Online Dating Apps Safely By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on January 28, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on January 28, 2020 iStockphoto More in Relationships Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Violence and Abuse In This Article Table of Contents Expand Cold, Hard Facts About Online Dating Choosing the Best App for You Staying Safe While Using Dating Apps View All Back To Top Over the past several years, the popularity of online dating has skyrocketed compared to where it originally started. In fact, dating apps and websites have given single people a convenient new way to connect with people. But, with this ease of use comes some new issues, particularly in the form of safety. For instance, interacting with strangers online can put you at risk for identity theft, online harassment, stalking, digital dating abuse, catfishing, and other scams. And, if you do decide to meet up in real life (IRL) with someone you met online, there also is the chance that you could find yourself in physical danger as well. To make navigating the online dating scene a little easier and safer, we have compiled a list of important facts about online dating. We also have put together some tips for selecting the best app for you as well as included keys to staying safe in the online dating world. Cold, Hard Facts About Online Dating Whether you are new to online dating, or you consider yourself a pro, it helps to have a clear understanding of what dating apps offer including how often they are used, how they are viewed by others, and even how honest people are when building their profiles. Here is everything you need to know about the online dating industry. Online dating is growing in popularity According to the eHarmony website, an online dating program for Christian singles, more than 40 million Americans are using online dating websites. 40% of Americans use online dating as a way to meet new people. Whats more, 27% of young adults report using online dating sites, which is a 10% increase from 2013. Researchers speculate that this increase is due to the fact that dating apps are now available on smartphones. Meanwhile, online dating among 55 to 64-year-olds has also risen substantially with 12% indicating they use online dating sites compared to only 6% in 2013. Online dating has lost some of its stigmas In 2005, when the Pew Research Center first studied online dating habits, most Americans felt it was a subpar way of meeting people. But in their most recent study, nearly half of the public either knows someone who uses online dating or has met a spouse or partner through online dating. Still, 23% of Americans still think people who use online dating sites are desperate. People lie when using online dating sites To some, it probably comes as no surprise that people lie when creating their online dating profiles. But a whopping 53% of Americans tell little white lies when developing their online profiles according to a survey conducted by the global research firm, Opinion Matters. Overall, women tend to post younger photos of themselves while claiming to be thinner. Meanwhile, men tend to embellish the truth when it comes to their careers attempting to appear more successful than they really are. Some online daters assume you just want to hook up Research suggests that many men who use online dating apps assume that women are looking for sex. But studies have shown that is not the case. For instance, the majority of Tinders female users are looking for a genuine match and not a fling, even though the app has earned the reputation as being the hook up app. In fact, 60% of Tinders female users are looking for a relationship and do not want to hook up, according to informal research conducted by the Huffington Post. Whats more, Statistic Brain reports that only 33% of women using online dating websites say they have sex on their first date with an online match. Is Casual Dating Good for Relationships? Statistically, Online Relationships Dont Last According to research conducted by Michigan State University, relationships that begin online are nearly 30% more likely to break down than relationships that began through a mutual friend or where couples met face-to-face first. And for couples who met online and then got married, the chances of that relationship working out are even gloomier, with online couples three times as likely to get divorced. Online Dating Can Be De-Humanizing The Association of Psychological Science says many people treat online dating like shopping. They swipe through photos looking for the perfect mate often dismissing someone more quickly than they would have had they first met the person face-to-face. Consequently, the researchers warn that online dating can make you picky and judgmental. Some People Really Are Finding Love Online According to Statistic Brains Online Dating Industry Report, 20% of committed relationships began online. Whats more, they say that 17% of couples that were married in the last year met on a dating website. Meanwhile, Pew Research Center reports that two-thirds of online daters have gone out with someone they were matched with. But, they also found that one-third of people who have used online dating have never actually gone on a date. So, the odds of meeting someone online are improving. Choosing the Best App for You When it comes to selecting the best online dating app for you, reading reviews and comparing apps can get confusing, especially when the features and options not only vary widely but are constantly changing and evolving as developers change and improve the apps. And with more than 7,500 dating apps worldwide, there definitely are a lot to choose from. But, it doesnt have to be overwhelming. Follow these few simple steps to help you find the best app for you. Review the Safety Features Online dating can be a risky endeavor because there are so many unknowns. Consequently, you want to be sure that the app you select has some built-in safety features. Ideally, the app will promote its safety guidelines on the sign-up page. But if they do not, or if the safety guidelines are particularly hard to find, you may want to find a different app. Check Out the Reporting and Blocking Features Lets face it, when it comes to online dating, you are going to meet a few weirdos along the way - people that either creep you out or are just downright toxic. When this happens, you want to be able to report their behavior as well as block them from contacting you. For this reason, it is important to know upfront about how the app provides these features. And, if for some reason, there are no reporting or blocking features, then move on to the next app. Determine the Level of Visibility the App Provides When reviewing an app, check to see if you are able to control the visibility of your profile. Ideally, you want an app that allows more options to secure your profile. The less you have, the more exposed your information is on the Internet. For instance, the app, Hinge, offers several options for users to control who they see and who sees them. Just remember, the more options an app provides in this area, the better. Avoid Sites and Apps That Allow Messaging Prior to Matching No one likes receiving unwanted photos or creepy messages, which certainly is a possibility within dating apps. As a result, it is best to select an app that requires both people to have an interest before messaging can take place. This way, you can reduce the number of unwanted messages you get and limit it to only the people you want to be communicating with. Pay Attention to the Geography Settings Many online dating apps use your location as a way of allowing you to find possible matches. However, make sure the app allows you to some control over this setting. It is never a good idea to have an app that allows complete strangers to pinpoint where you are or even find your specific neighborhood. Sharing that kind of information just sets you up for problems. Look for Free Trials and Free Versions Most dating apps have both a free version and a paid version. As a result, you shouldnt shell out for the paid membership before you even know if you like the app or if it will be useful. Whats more, having the free version is not going to keep you from meeting new people. When you are first starting out, it can be a lot more beneficial to try several different apps to see what works rather than purchasing the premium membership before you have even taken it for a test drive. Plus, dating apps can get expensive if you are paying $10 to $25 a month for the service. Reconsider Apps That Link to Social Media Most dating apps like Tinder, Bumble, and Hinge allow people to share data from their social media profiles. This is mostly harmless, but be aware of how much information is revealed on your dating profile as a result. Remember, you do not know the people on the dating app and giving them access to your social media profile like photos of your family could be risky, especially if you are a single parent. You also want to keep where you went to school, where you hang out, and even your employer private. Making this information available means that even after you have blocked people through the app, they still could still find you and harass you through social media. Staying Safe While Using Dating Apps While you are never to blame if someone behaves in a predatory or disrespectful way toward you in the online dating world, there are things you can do to stay safe. Here are some useful safety tips you can put into practice right away to help you be more mindful. Use a Unique Photo When developing your dating profile, avoid using the same photo that you have on your social media accounts. If you use the same photo as your Facebook photo or your Instagram page, it is really easy for someone to do a reverse image search with Google. As a result, if you are using the same photo on all your accounts, it is much easier for someone to find you on social media. Leave Out the Personal Details When developing your online dating profile, make sure you do not include your last name, contact information, nicknames, or social media handles. You want to keep the personal details to a minimum. After all, if you come across someone who is a little on the creepy side, you dont want them having too much information about you. You may even want to tighten the security on your social media accounts to add another layer of protection. For instance, on Facebook change your page to where everything is private and only able to be viewed by Friends, not Friends of Friends. Stay Inside the App When you are messaging with a potential date, or even after a few dates, it is best to message one another inside the app. Although this might be inconvenient, if something doesnt work out, you do not have to worry about the fact that the person has your cell number. Whats more, staying inside the app provides you with an extra layer of protection. Some messaging systems with dating apps do not allow people to send photos or links, which can really reduce the number of unwanted photos you get. Set Up a Google Phone Number Eventually, you will want to talk with someone on the phone, either after you have met or beforehand. But instead of giving out your cell number, consider getting a Google phone number and forwarding it to your phone. It is pretty easy to set up. Once you log in to Google Voice, you simply choose your area code and select an available number. The instructions on the rest of the set-up process are pretty simple to follow. Take Precautions When Meeting IRL Avoid letting someone know exactly where you live. Instead, arrange to meet in a public place and provide your own transportation. You also should let a close friend know where you will be and when you will be home. You want your friends to know as much information as possible should something go wrong. Once on your date, be sure you stay aware and alert. Do not leave your drink unattended and keep the first few dates short. You may even want to bring a self-defense tool with you such as pepper spray or a high-powered flashlight. And, if the person you are meeting is making you uncomfortable or scared, enlist the help of a friend in leaving the situation. Remember, you should never feel bad about putting your safety first. Even if you have to do something rude to escape a situation, you need to make sure you are safe. Tips to Help You Date More Mindfully

The Global Clinical Trial Is A Very Challenging Job

The global clinical trial is a very challenging job; it involves strategic decision making which can affect drug development and approval process. Many factors should be considered in selecting countries, most common in feasibility studies include: the prevalence of the disease, regulatory requirement, patients’ recruitment, experience clinical trial specialist availability, ethical issues, language barrier, and marketing strategy. In this report, we perform a thorough assessment of conducting clinical trials in countries such as Canada, Germany, Spain, Japan and the US. The criteria chosen for this assessment include disease prevalence, insurance coverage, patient enrollment rates, regulatory environment and finally costs associated with†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the rates of heart attack are 1.8 times higher among adults diagnosed with diabetes than those without a diagnosis. When compared with men, women of all ages diagnosed with T2DM have even a higher risk of heart disease (NIDKK, 2016). Why selection of Germany? According to traveler’s digest, Germany’s size is comparatively small to the state of California (2014). Despite its small size, Germany ranks amongst the worst for all things diabetes. As of 2008, 7.4 million (12% of the total population) adult citizens are plagued with diabetes in Germany with an additional 4.1 million citizens on the brink of having the condition with prediabetes. Type II diabetes accounts for about 80-90% of all diabetic cases in Germany. It s also significant to note that 1/10 diabetes sufferers in Germany also have coronary heart disease (Novo Nordisk, 2008). Additionally, there have been a predicted 3 million undiagnosed cases of diabetes waiting to add to more startling statistics (Tenderich, 2011). When it comes to clinical research, it appears Germany has a legitimate presence and good rapport with industries that cater to healthcare. Germany’s involvement in clinical studies far exceeds its demographics with a strong medical tradition as well as a

The Management Of Chronic Prostatitis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

A sum of 124 patients with chronic prostatitis were followed in urogenital medicine clinic at Prince Rashid Military Hospital from January 2006 to process 2010. Merely 98 patients completed the survey and were divided into two groups ; group A managed with ?-blockers and group B with placebo. Consequences There was same response rate in both groups, with 48. We will write a custom essay sample on The Management Of Chronic Prostatitis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7 % lessening of at least 4 points in their entire NIH-CPSI mark from base line to 6 hebdomads. Decision We found that ?-blockers are non helpful in the direction of chronic prostatitis. ( Rawal Med J 2011 ; 36:294-296 ) . Key words Prostatitis, alpha blockers, Introduction Prostatitis is considered to be one of the common causes of visit to urology clinic. It accounts for 3-8 % of out patients visit to urology clinics in North America and Europe.1-3 It is classified into four subtypes harmonizing to National Institution of Health ( NIH ) : Type I: acute bacterial prostatitis, Type II: chronic bacterial prostatitis, Type III: chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic hurting syndrome ( CPCPPS ) , which is the commonest type, and Type IV: symptomless inflammatory prostatitis.4-6 ?-Blockers have been used to handle the symptoms of chronic prostatitis every bit good as benign prostate hyperplasia by virtuousness of their consequence on the musculuss of prostate and vesica neck.6 These are one of three commonest prescribed medical specialties by urologists for chronic prostatitis i.e antibiotics, alpha blockers and anti inflammatory drugs.7 The purpose of this survey was to measure the function of ?-blockers in intervention of chronic prostatitis. Patients AND METHODS A sum of 124 patients of chronic prostatitis were followed in urogenital medicine clinic at Prince Rashid Military Hospital between January 2006 and March 2010. Merely 98 patients completed the survey. We divided the patients into two groups ; group A ( 49 patients ) managed with ?-blocker Doxazosin 4mg one time day-to-day and group B ( 49 patients ) used placebo. The period of the survey lasted for 6 hebdomads. We used the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index ( NIH-CPSI ) 4 to mensurate the betterment of our patients. NIH-CPSI takes into history hurting symptoms, urinary symptoms and impact on quality of life, with a entire mark of ( 0-43 ) . We measured the mark for our patients before and after intervention. Patients were classified as respondents if there was 4 points or more betterment and non respondents if less than 4 points were achieved. In both groups, patients ages are symmetrical ( 27-45years ) , Consequence Of 124 patients, 26 patients did non complete with the survey, merely 98 patients did. The ages of patients range from 27 twelvemonth to 45 old ages ( average 39 old ages ) . All patients were married. 48.7 % work forces on alpha blocker showed a lessening of at least 4 points in their entire NIH-CPSI mark at 6 hebdomads. There was about same rate of response in patients on placebo. At planetary response, we did non happen any important difference ( p=0.7 ) or alterations over clip in the secondary result between the two groups, ( 32.4 % vs33.6 % ) . Discussion Chronic prostatitis patients experience a hard and worse quality of life than patients enduring from benign prostate hyperplasia or even most of patients with prostatic cancer.5 ?- Blockers are considered to be an of import mode of intervention of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic hurting syndrome, as several surveies have shown that they improve symptoms of chronic prostatitis and diminish the hazard of urine retention.8-10 Cheah et al did a randomized survey on 86 patients with chronic prostatitis utilizing ?- blockers and placebo, and reported important response with 50 % decrease in the mean symptoms score compared to 37 % in placebo.8 A 65 % betterment of symptoms in comparing with merely 42 % with placebo,9 and 52 % response with ?- blockers compared with 33 % with placebo have been reported.10 On the contrary, no important response with ?- blockers in chronic prostatitis was obtained by Alexander et Al who did a big multicenter randomized test of intervention on patients with CPCPPS in two groups, one with Cipro and ?-blockers, other group with placebo. They found no difference among these drugs, either glandular fever or multi therapy intervention of CPCPPS.11 Decision In our survey, our findings did non back up usage of ?-blockers, in handling chronic prostatitis. Correspondence: Awad B Al-kaabneh. Electronic mail: awadalkaabneh @ gmail.com Received: April 07, 2011 Accepted: September 26, 2011 Table 1. NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index ( NIH-CPSI ) Pain or Discomfort 1. In the last hebdomad, have you experienced any hurting or uncomfortableness in the following countries? Yes No a. Area between rectum and 1 0 testiss ( perineum ) b. Testicles 1 0 c. Tip of the phallus ( non related to 1 0 micturition ) d. Below your waist, in your 1 0 pubic or bladder country 2. In the last hebdomad, have you experienced: Yes No a. Pain or combustion during 1 0 micturition? B. Pain or uncomfortableness during or 1 0 after sexual flood tide ( interjection ) ? 3. How frequently have you had hurting or uncomfortableness in any of these countries over the last hebdomad? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Normally 5 Always 4. Which figure best describes your Average hurting or uncomfortableness on the yearss that you had it, over the last hebdomad? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No hurting Pain bad as you can conceive of Micturition 5. How frequently have you had a esthesis of non emptying your vesica wholly after you finished urinating, over the last hebdomad? 0 Not at all 1 Less than 1 clip in 5 2 Less than half the clip 3 About half the clip 4 More than half the clip 5 Almost ever 6. How frequently have you had to urinate once more less than two hours after you finished urinating, over the last hebdomad? 0 Not at all 1 Less than 1 clip in 5 2 Less than half the clip 3 About half the clip 4 More than half the clip 5 Almost ever Impact of Symptoms 7. How much hold your symptoms kept you from making the sorts of things you would normally make, over the last hebdomad? 0 None 1 Merely a small 2 Some 3 A batch 8. How much did you believe about your symptoms, over the last hebdomad? 0 None 1 Merely a small 2 Some 3 A batch Quality of Life 9. If you were to pass the remainder of your life with your symptoms merely the manner they have been during the last hebdomad, how would you experience about that? 0 Delighted 1 Pleased 2 Largely satisfied 3 Mixed ( about every bit satisfied and dissatisfied ) 4 Largely disgruntled 5 Unhappy 6 Awful Scoring the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index Domains Pain: Sum of points 1a, 1b, 1c,1d, 2a, 2b, 3, and 4 = Urinary Symptoms: Sum of points 5 and 6 = Quality of Life Impact: Sum of I How to cite The Management Of Chronic Prostatitis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy of Allstar Brands Medicine Group

With the increasing level of competition in the pharmaceutical industry, a manufacturer like the Allstar Brands Medicine Group is opting to pursue new opportunities emerging within the markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy of Allstar Brands Medicine Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers at Allstar Brands Company have a responsibility of formulating effective marketing strategies in order to cope up with new competition within the industry. Competition in overcrowded industry does not efficiently sustain the higher performance of the Allstar Group. However, there is need of creating blue ocean opportunities in the uncontested market space (Kim and Mauborgne 2004, p. 79). Moreover, the company needs to shift from marketing strategies which aim at creating a competitive advantage environment to those strategies developing, exploiting, and protecting blue oceans strategies. Creating de mand for the product rather than fighting over demand In its marketing strategy, Allstar mainly focuses on how to increase the demand of its products in the market through advertisements and offering favourable prices. According to the company, creating awareness and lowering the prices of its products increase the demand of the product in the market. Other marketing strategies like promotional allowances are also important for gaining distribution. Nevertheless, offering products to retailers who in turn set the prices might exploit the consumers. Blue Ocean Strategy recommends creation of uncontested market space like investing in the online marketing methods, which most companies have not realised (Lee 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach would help reach many customers, especially with the growing digital world rather than spend much on advertisement whil e creating a competitive advantage environment. Making competition irrelevant Allstar Company mainly focuses on the marketing strategies that allow it to fight and beat competition at a greater expense. The Blue Ocean strategies encourage representation of high product differentiation through concurrent pursuit and low cost. As a result, there is creation of irrelevant competition. While making the competition irrelevant, Allstar should focus its marketing strategies on alternatives method of coping with escalating levels of competition, customers, and how to attract new potential customers. The company experiences competition from five firms. To create an irrelevant competition, the company, therefore, should focus on development of a single product that has the ability of integrating all the curative functions of pharmaceutical products manufactured by the five rivals (Arline 2011). These combinations of manufacturing ingredients offer the customers the benefits of purchasing a si ngle product with an ability of curing several diseases. Creating and capturing new demand In every free and efficient market, economic factors like demand must exist. Allstar Company only fights for exploitation of the existing demand in the pharmaceutical industry rather than creation. The brand managers of the company should understand that very good might not be good enough. Therefore, while creating new demand for its products, creation of emotional connection like ergonomics and message with customers is crucial (McDonald and Meldrum 2007, p. 63). As one of the leading corporations, it is significant that Allstar Company creates and captures the emotional space in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy of Allstar Brands Medicine Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertisements and pricing allowances encourage the company to harvest the already generated demand as well as creati ng new demand through consumer awareness. Additionally, the marketing managers should integrate the views of all stakeholders instead of dwelling only on the suggestions of the brand managers and assistants. Besides, it is crucial to create hassle map and brand trajectory, which are relative to the competitors. Breaking the cost trade off Allstar mainly invests in the creation of greater value for its pharmaceutical products to customers at higher cost. In order to break the trade-off cost, it is important for the company to pursue simultaneously product differentiation at lower cost in order to create blue cost strategy. While trying to eliminate the value-cost trade off, the company must focus on the issues taken for granted that requires elimination and factors that require reduction below the standard of the industry (Frei 2006). Notably, cost saving is important to the company as it increases profit. However, it might cause reduction in the quality of advertising, thus creating an irreparable damage to company’s brand image. References Arline, K 2011, Blue Ocean Strategy: Creating Your Own Market. Web. Frei, F. X 2006, Breaking the Trade-Off Between Efficiency and Service. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kim, W. C., Mauborgne, R 2004, Blue ocean strategy: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. Lee, K 2008, PPC Search: Create, Influence, Capture, and Harvest Demand. Web. McDonald, M., Meldrum, M 2007, Marketing in a nutshell: Key concepts for non-specialists, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. This essay on Marketing Strategy of Allstar Brands Medicine Group was written and submitted by user Javon Rojas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Kant and Mill Essays

Kant and Mill Essays Kant and Mill Essay Kant and Mill Essay Essay Topic: Immanuel Kant Kant and Mill Name: Course: Date: Kant and Mill Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, both prominent philosophers have diverse opinions towards the elements of moral theories. Kant’s views are considered rather interesting while compared to those of Mill, which are more conservative. The differences in their beliefs pertaining to the moral laws have been a cause for controversy for the longest period. The ‘new-age’ philosophers have accepted neither Kant’s theory nor Mill’s. Instead, they have stated that none of the theories can stand individually but if they are both put together, they are more sensible. However, this has also stemmed some more debate and so the matter has remained unsolved in philosophy. The good will of a person is alleged to be an intrinsic feature of the individual. It refers to the kind of good that chooses to fulfill its moral duty to act in a certain way that is expected by the society. Kant stated, â€Å"A good will is not good because of what it affects or accomplishes.à ¢â‚¬  This statement is alluring not only because of the logic behind it but because it applies a lot to humanity. This is because the message the statement depicts is that a person’s goodwill is not presumably good because of the effect of the actions of the person in question. For this reason, Kant’s statement appeals to me. The actions of an individual may be focused on merely favoring some inclinations and the sum of the inclinations in question. This kind of goodwill is lacking in power according to the moral theories by both Mill and Kant. However, it should be known that goodwill could let a person have a good disposition to will in a certain way. Kant mentioned two key aspects in his theory, â€Å"the good will and duty.† Kant did not think that any outcome was in the favor of general good. This paper will take up the concept of duty, which includes that of an individual’s good will. Good character trait like ingenuity, intelligence and courage are important in any morally upright person. However, these traits can lead someone to do the wrong thing and in so do ing become ‘evil’. He uses this to describe the good will of humankind. Kant thinks the only intrinsically good thing in a person is the good will. Good will is not only shown by appearance and actions but it is based on the outcomes of the actions. If the results are good, the will is also believed to be good. Intrinsic good refers to a concept that assumes that something’s good is found in itself. Duty on the other hand is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law and moral codes in a certain setting. It does not depend on results of a particular action and any principles. Laws teach us what we can or cannot do. We have to follow these principles, which guide our actions. The maxim should be consistent with laws. For instance, a person who talks on the phone during a movie, they have to keep their voices low. Such a person should consider whether the act is worth it or not. If the person foresees any bad consequences, it will be wiser to desist from the action. Mill’s illustrious formulation in philosophy is filled with religious intolerance. He appealed for freedom and his opinion is that if all human beings have the same opinions apart from one; only that the one person has a contrary view. The rest of the human beings with a similar view have no reason to forbid this person to speak just because they have differing opinions. There is no logical reason that warrants the prohibiting of the opposing party to air his or her views. Mill has a formulation called the â€Å"greatest happiness principle.† It helps people to do the right thing in appropriate proportions, as they strive to promote general happiness for all humankind. He clearly states that there is a difference between higher and lower forms of happiness. He defines the difference between higher and lower forms of happiness with the principle that those who have experienced both tend to prefer one to the other. Kant thought the fundamental principle of our moral duties is a categorical imperative. It commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way and to not do wrong since we posses rational wills. Both of Kant and Mill’s opinions are based on reputable principles. Kant was a philosopher and astronomer. He was also a founder of German classical philosophy and idealism. He is considered one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe. He depicts the moral obligation of philosophy. According to him, an act is right if and only if it is done because of an individual’s sense of duty. However, for Mill, an act is right if and only if it results in the happiness of humanity regardless of the duty of the person. Kant believes that what matters is that the will that was involved. Mill’s is an empiricist theory because he believes that the outcome and consequences of the action is what matters. Kant’s is a rationalist theory. He has good intentions though invalid because in reality, nowadays, the outcome is what matters as opposed to the reason the action took place. Mill rejects the Kantian tendency to separate morality and happiness. Happiness is morality that includes both physical and intellectual pleasure. Mill espouses the importance of cultivated minds for this reason; through education, humans can tap into the unlimited sources of intellectual stimulation that have been provided by civilization. I disagree with Mill as he thinks happiness arises from instrumental good. In my opinion, it occurs because of the intrinsic good. I believe our mental states determine whether we are happy or not. Mill fails to prove his greatest happiness principle through his varied arguments. I reject empiricism and accept rationalism instead. Although studying and experience can reveal useful information, knowledge can also be acquired from experience. People should accept Kant’s opinion of the difference between phenomenal and numeral reality. This is vital for one to understand his moral philosophy. Our will is in control but the outcome of our will is not. A good person is not someone who does ‘good’ but rather is one who wills to be good.

Biography of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek

Biography of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek (born April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New York) worked behind the scenes on some of the largest architectural projects in America. Notable in architectural history as the first Black American woman registered architect in New York and California, Sklarek was also the first Black woman to be elected to the prestigious Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA). In addition to being the production architect for many high-profile Gruen and Associates projects, Sklarek became a role model to many young women entering the male-dominated architecture profession. Sklareks legacy as a mentor is profound. Because of the disparities she faced in her life and career, Norma Merrick Sklarek could be sympathetic to the struggles of others. She led with her charm, grace, wisdom, and hard work. She never excused racism and sexism but gave others the strength to deal with adversities. Architect Roberta Washington has called Sklarek the reigning mother hen to us all. Others have called her The Rosa Parks of Architecture. Fast Facts: Norma Sklarek Occupation: Architect  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also Known as: Norma Merrick Sklarek, Norma Merrick Fairweather, Norma MerrickBorn: April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New YorkDied: February 6, 2012 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: B.Arch. from Columbia University’s School of Architecture (1950)Architecture with Cesar Pelli: San Bernardino City Hall (1972) ; Columbus Courthouse Center in Indiana (1973); Pacific Design Center in California (1975); The U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, Japan (1978)Key Accomplishments: As a Black female, Sklarek became a well-respected project director and educator within the white male dominated field of architecture.Fun Fact: Sklarek been called The Rosa Parks of Architecture East Coast Years Norma Merrick was born to West Indian parents who had moved to Harlem, New York. Sklareks father, a doctor, encouraged her to excel in school and to seek a career in a field not normally open to females or to Americans of color. She attended Hunter High School, an all-girls magnate school, and Barnard College, a womans college associated with Columbia University, which did not accept women students at the time. In 1950 she earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree. After receiving her degree, Norma Merrick was unable to find work at an architecture firm. After being rejected by dozens of firms, she took a job at the New York Department of Public Works. While working there from  1950 to 1954 she studied for and passed the grueling, week-long series of tests to become a licensed architect in New York State - on her first try. She was then in a better position to join the large New York office of Skidmore, Owings Merrill (SOM), working there from 1955 until 1960. Ten years after earning her architecture degree, she decided to move to the West coast. West Coast Years It was Sklareks long association with Gruen and Associates in Los Angeles, California where she made her name within the architecture community. From 1960 until 1980 she used both her architectural expertise and her project management skills to realize the many multi-million dollar projects of the large Gruen firm - becoming the firms first female director in 1966. Sklareks race and sex often were marketing detriments at the time of her employment with major architectural firms. When she was a director at Gruen Associates, Sklarek collaborated with Argentina-born Cà ©sar Pelli on a number of projects. Pelli was Gruens Design Partner from 1968 to 1976, which associated his name with new buildings. As Production Director, Skarek had immense responsibilities but was rarely acknowledged on the finished project. Only the U.S. Embassy in Japan has acknowledged Sklareks contributions - the Embassy website stated that The building was designed by Cà ©sar Pelli and Norma Merrick Sklarek of Gruen Associates of Los Angeles and constructed by Obayashi Corporation, as straightforward and matter-of-fact as Sklarek herself. After 20 years with Gruen, Sklarek left and from 1980 until 1985 became Vice President at Welton Becket Associates in Santa Monica, California. While there, she directed the construction of Terminal One at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), which opened in time for the 1984 summer Olympic games in Los Angeles. In 1985 she left Welton Becket to establish Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, an all-woman partnership with Margot Siegel and Katherine Diamond. Sklarek is said to have missed working on the large, complicated projects of previous positions, and so she finished her professional career as Principal at the Jerde Partnership in Venice, California from 1989 until her retirement in 1992. Marriages Born Norma Merrick, she was married three times. She is also known as Norma Merrick Fairweather, and her two sons are Fairweathers. Sklarek was the name of Norma Merricks second husband, architect Rolf Sklarek, whom she married in 1967. It becomes understandable why professional women often keep their birth names, as Merrick changed her name again in 1985 when she married Dr. Cornelius Welch, her husband at the time of her death. Quote In architecture, I had absolutely no role model. Im happy today to be a role model for others that follow. Death Norma Sklarek died of heart failure at her home on February 6, 2012. She lived with her third husband in Pacific Palisades, an affluent residential area of Los Angeles, California. Legacy Sklareks life has been filled with many firsts. She was the first Black woman to be licensed as an architect in New York (1954) and in California (1962). In 1959, Sklarek became the first Black woman to become a member of the American architects national professional organization, the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1980, she was the first woman to be elected a Fellow of the AIA (FAIA). Its notable that in 1923 Paul Revere Williams became the first Black architect to become a member of the AIA, and he rose to become a Fellow in 1957. In 1985, Norma Sklarek helped establish and managed the California firm Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, one of the first woman-owned and operated architectural firm. Norma Merrick Sklarek collaborated with design architects to transform building ideas from paper to architectural realities. Design architects usually receive all the credit for a building, but just as important is the production architect who sees the project to completion. Austrian-born Victor Gruen has long been credited with inventing the American shopping mall, but Sklarek was ready to carry out the plans, making changes when necessary and solving design problems in real time. Sklareks most significant project collaborations include City Hall in San Bernardino, California, Fox Plaza in San Francisco, California, the original Terminal One at the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, Commons - Courthouse Center in Columbus, Indiana, the Blue Whale of the Pacific Design Center in Los Angeles, the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, Japan, Leo Baeck Temple in Los Angeles, and the Mall of America in Minneapolis, Minnesota. As a Black American architect, Norma Sklarek more than survived in a difficult profession - she thrived. Raised during Americas Great Depression, Norma Merrick developed an intelligence and tenacity of spirit that became an influence to many others in her field. She proved that the architecture profession has a place for anyone willing to persist at doing good work. Sources AIA Audio Interiew: Norma Merrick Sklarek. aia.org/akr/Resources/Audio/AIAP037892?dvidrecspecAIAP037892Bellows, Layla. Norma Sklarek, FAIA: A Litany of Firsts that Defined a Career, and a Legacy. AIA Architect. aia.org/practicing/AIAB093149Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Norma Merrick Sklarek.  bwaf.org/dna/archive/entry/norma-merrick-sklarekBWAF Staff. Roberta Washington, FAIA, Makes A Place, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, February 09, 2012. bwaf.org/roberta-washington-faia-makes-a-place/National Visionary Leadership Project. Norma Sklarek: National Visionary. visionaryproject.org/sklareknorma/U.S. Department of State. Embassy of the United States, Tokyo, Japan. http://aboutusa.japan.usembassy.gov/e/jusa-usj-embassy.html

Analysis of the Impact of the Macro Environment on the Pharmaceutical Assignment

Analysis of the Impact of the Macro Environment on the Pharmaceutical Industry - Assignment Example â€Å"Changing market forces and growing public expectations† (Wilson, 2000, p.12) have added business ethics to the mix. The external environment includes both competitive and industry factors. Interestingly, Johnson et al (2008) expect all competitors to be within the same industry when this might not be the case. Equally, not all industry players compete in the same markets. Thus the diagram reflects the less-than-tidy reality of players who exist within any industry, yet compete across industry boundaries and within different competitive environments, falling outside the rational approach to strategy. The underlying factor is the organization’s ability to control the external environment. An organization has influence in the competitive arena, using marketing tools to influence others, but no control over the macro (PESTEL/STEEPLE) factors and must react to changes when they happen. Strategy traditionally focused on rational future planning, what Whittington (2001) calls â€Å"classical† and Mintzberg and Waters (1985), â€Å"deliberate† strategy. But the effects of changing macro factors fall within Whittington’s (2001) â€Å"systemic† and Mintzberg and Waters’ (1985) â€Å"emergent† strategy as such changes cannot be predicted and consequently would not feature in any strategic planning. In analyzing the external environment, de Kluyver and Pearce (2009 p.59) use global tectonics, defined as â€Å"the process by which developing trends in technology, nature, and society† change the external environment. Three tectonics are identified:

Economics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics - Case Study Example For example, selling Roundup explain Monsanto’s ability to develop GM herbicide-tolerant crops. A maturity of crops industry is a well-known fact and there is an evident growth of R&D costs, stricter legislation and more approval and support from the government. Moreover, the pricing policy of Monsanto can be explained by the company’s ability to develop Roundup in the post-patent period. Therefore, a fostering of GM products and success of Monsanto can be illustrated in the following way: Roundup is responsible for provision of plants with required herbicides and there is a growth of plants productivity providing a more favorable environment to the crops. As far as we can see, there is a clear strategy of Monsanto developed at different levels (social, economical and technical). Innovations in the company led to an evident increase of prices. Unfortunately, Monsanto did not have such kind of privileges in the earlier years. In 70s OPEC restricted nations in the amount of oil coming to America. Price per barrel of crude oil was very high. Due to the fact that Monsanto needed petroleum for the major part of its developments, and price increase could not be easily passed on to consumers. Monsanto got a trend of 90s and made an emphasis on clear environment. At that time it was a great advantage of the company. Moreover, Monsanto became a monopolist thanks to patent policies of America. Price reduction of Monsanto between 1995 and 2000 is the result of patent law in America, tolerant policy to companies developing eco programs and products. Therefore, price elasticity of Monsanto can be correlated with the best chosen pricing decision strategy: in case a price is low, more units of goods are sold; in case a price is high, fewer units of goods are sold. It is a well-developed mechanism of pricing strategy and Monsanto gained huge profits decreasing their prices for

In Praise of Jared Diamonds Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay -- Wealth En

In Praise of Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel Jared Diamond's bestseller Guns, Germs, and Steel (GG&S) is an attempt to explain why some parts of the world are currently powerful and prosperous while others are poor. Diamond is both a physiologist and a linguist who spends a good deal of his time living with hunter gathers in Papua New Guinea. As a researcher and as a human being, he is convinced that all people have the same potential. Hunter gatherers are just as intelligent, resourceful, and diligent as anybody else. Yet material "success" isn't equally distributed across the globe. Civilization sprung up in relatively few places and spread in a defined pattern. I should emphasize that Diamond doesn't equate material prosperity with well-being or virtue. He's just curious about the global distribution of bling bling. Diamond's hypothesis is that geography gave certain groups big initial advantages. Specifically, some places are more conducive to domestication of plants and animals. Most people think that domestication is just a matter of capturing animals and breeding them in captivity. This is a misconception. Domesticated species of plants and animals have undergone major genetic changes through years of selective breeding. Compared to their wild ancestors, the major cereal crops are more nutritious, quicker to germinate, and easier to sow and harvest. Domestic animals are more docile, easier to train, and generally more suited to life in captivity. Diamond's key point is that not every wild species is equally susceptible to domestication and that domesticable species are not evenly distributed across the globe. Wild horses and camels had the "right" stuff, reindeer not so much. As modern attempts to domesticat... ...ccupied with gathering and child rearing. In other societies, some people can devote their time to science, technology, philosophy, politics, finance and the other cultural roles that define state societies. There's nothing in Diamond's book to suggest that he is anything but a friend of the Enlightenment. He's a practicing scientist who attempts to analyze historical trends in scientific terms. He is also a sympathetic interpreter who respects and admires human diversity. He believes in progress, but he doesn't assume that technologically advanced people are superior or even uniformly better off. Finally, he affirms the values of the Enlightenment by suggesting how we can use history and science to build more prosperous, stable, and just societies. Source Cited Diamond, Jared M. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies. New York: Norton, 1997.

Dysfunctional Families in Today’s World Essay

Children are supposed to grow up together with their parents. A family environment helps them not to feel depress(ed). They learn that their feelings and needs are important and can be expressed. Children growing up in such supportive environments are likely to form healthy, open relationships in adulthood. Family dysfunction can be any condition that interferes with healthy family functioning. In most families, there occurs some periods of time where functioning is impaired by stressful circumstances. These stressful events could be a death in the family or a parent’s serious illness, among others. But for healthy families, the moment the crisis is over, then normal functioning resumes. In dysfunctional families, however, problems tend to be chronic. The children then do not consistently get their needs. As a result, the negative patterns of parental behavior tend to be dominant in their children’s lives. Healthy families are not families who never argue or have disagreements. These families may have yelling, bickering, misunderstanding, tension, hurt, and anger – but not all the time. In healthy families, emotional expression is allowed and accepted. Member of the family can freely ask for and give attention. Rules tend to be made explicit and remain consistent, but with some flexibility to adapt to individual needs and particular situations. Healthy families allow for individuality; each member is encouraged to pursue his or her own interests, and boundaries between individuals are honored. Children from healthy families are consistently treated with respect, and do not fear emotional, verbal, physical, or sexual abuse. Parents can be counted on to provide care for their children. Children are given responsibilities appropriate to their age and are not expected to take on parental responsibilities. Finally, in healthy families, everyone makes mistakes; and most importantly, mistakes are allowed. II. The rise of dysfunctional families and its impact in society There are many types of dysfunction in families. Some parents choose to under-function. They leave their children to fend for themselves. On the other hand there are some parents who over-function. These parents seem to never allow their children to grow up and be on their own. Others are inconsistent or violate basic boundaries of appropriate behavior. Below is a brief description of some types of parental dysfunction along with some common problems associated with each. Deficient Parents Deficient parents hurt their children more by omission than by commission. Frequently, it is because of a chronic mental illness or a disabling physical illness that contributes to parental inadequacy. Parental emotional needs tend to take precedence over the needs of the children. The children, on the other hand, are often asked to be their parents’ caretakers. Thus, children tend to take on the adult responsibilities at a young age in these families. They are robbed of their own childhood, and they learn to ignore their own needs and feelings. Because of this experience, where these children are simply unable to play an adult role and take care of their parents, they thenoften feel inadequate and guilty. These feelings continue into adulthood. Controlling Parents Unlike the deficient parents described above, controlling parents fail to allow their children to assume responsibilities appropriate for their age. Often, the controlling parents are driven by the fear of becoming unnecessary to their children. These parents then continue dominating and making decisions for their children, even if they are already well beyond the age at which this is necessary. This fear leaves them feeling betrayed and abandoned when their children become independent (Forward, 1989). On the other hand, these children of controlling parents frequently feel resentful, inadequate, and powerless. Transitions into adult roles are quite difficult, as these adults frequently have difficulties making decisions independent from their parents. When they act independently these adults feel very guilty, as if growing up were a serious act of disloyalty. Alcoholic Parents Alcoholic families tend to be chaotic and unpredictable. Rules that apply one day do not apply to another one or to the next instance that you happen to be part of. Promises are neither kept nor remembered. Expectations vary from one day to the next. Parents may be strict at times and indifferent at others. In addition, emotional expression is frequently forbidden and discussion about the alcohol use or related family problems is usually nonexistent. Family members are usually expected to keep problems a secret, thus preventing anyone from seeking help. All of these factors leave children feeling insecure, frustrated, and angry. Children often feel there must be something wrong with them and this is the reason that makes their parents behave this way. Mistrust of others, difficulty with emotional expression, and difficulties with intimate relationships carry over into adulthood. Children of alcoholics are at much higher risk for developing alcoholism than are children of non-alcoholics. Abusive Parents Abuse can be verbal, physical, or sexual. Verbal abuse – such as frequent belittling criticism – can have lasting effects, particularly when it comes from those entrusted with the child’s care. Criticism can be aimed at the child’s looks, intelligence, capabilities, or basic value. Some verbal abusers are very direct, while others use subtle put-downs disguised as humor. Both types are just as damaging. Definitions of physical abuse vary widely. Many parents, at one time or another, have felt the urge to strike their child. With physically abusive parents, however, the urge is frequent and little effort is made to control this impulse. Striking a child has much to do with meeting the parent’s emotional needs and nothing to do with concern for the child. Often, parents erroneously justify the abuse as a process of â€Å"discipline† that is intended to â€Å"help† the child. Physically abusive parents then create an environment of terror for the child. This is particularly worse since the violence is often random and unpredictable. Abused children often feel anger. Children of abusive parents have tremendous difficulties developing feelings of trust and safety even in their adult lives. While parents may justify or rationalize verbal or physical abuse as discipline aimed at somehow helping the child, there is no rationalization for sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is the most blatant example of an adult abusing a child purely for that adult’s own gratification. Sexual abuse can be any physical contact between an adult and child wherein that contact must be kept secret. The demonstrations of affection that occurred then — such as hugging, kissing, or stroking a child’s hair — that can be done openly are quite acceptable and even beneficial. When physical contact is shrouded in secrecy then it is most likely inappropriate. Sexual abuse happens to both boys and girls. This act is perpetrated by both men and women. It cuts across lines of race, socioeconomic level, education level, and religious affiliation. In most cases, sexual abuse is part of an overall family pattern of dysfunction, disorganization, and inappropriate role boundaries. Responsibility for the sexual abuse in all cases rests entirely with the adult. No child is responsible for being abused. Most sexually abused children are too frightened and scared of the consequences for themselves and their families. In most cases, they do not risk telling another adult what is happening. As a result of this bottling-up, they grow into adulthood carrying feelings of self-loathing, shame, and worthlessness. They tend to be self-punishing and have considerable difficulties with relationships and with sexuality. When problems and circumstances such as parental alcoholism, mental illness, child abuse, or extreme parental rigidity and control interfere with family functioning, the effects on children can sometimes linger long after these children have grown up and left their problem families. Adults raised in dysfunctional families frequently report difficulties forming and maintaining intimate relationships, maintaining positive self-esteem, and trusting others; they fear a loss of control, and deny their feelings and reality (Vannicelli, 1989). There is a great deal of variability in how often dysfunctional interactions and behaviors occur in families, and in the kinds and the severity of their dysfunction. However, when patterns like the above are the norm rather than the exception, they systematically foster abuse and/or neglect. Abuse and neglect inhibit the development of children’s trust in the world, in others, and in themselves. Later as adults, these people may find it difficult to trust the behaviors and words of others, their own judgement and actions, or their own senses of selfworth. Not surprisingly, they may experience problems in their academic work, their relationships, and in their very identities. In common with other people, abused and neglected family members often struggle to interpret their families as â€Å"normal. † The more they have to accommodate to make the situation seem normal, the greater is their likelihood of misinterpreting themselves and developing negative self-concepts (e. g. , â€Å"I had it coming; I’m a rotten kid†). III. The relationship between religion and dysfunctional families Dysfunctional family members have common symptoms and behavior patterns as a result of their common experiences within the family structure. This tends to reinforce the dysfunctional behavior, either through enabling or perpetuation. The dysfunctional family usually suffers from a variety of issues that may require the help of trained professionals. This is in addition to prayer and other spiritual disciplines. Some of those issues include: (1) Individual personality differences and personal issues; (2) Unresolved issues from the past; (3) Marital and family problems due to domestic violence and abuse, infidelity, and poor communication; (5) Financial problems and poverty; (6) Separation/divorce resulting in grief and loss and abandonment issues, depression, and sometimes a lack of financial support; (7) Mental and physical health problems; and (8) Spiritual disconnection. Any of the aforementioned problems can create high levels of distress, and failure to seek help can be lethal. Furthermore, when a major trauma strikes, families are rarely prepared to deal with it, and if they are unaccustomed to seeking outside help, family members may never recover emotionally. Many people stay away from connecting with God in a Christian community because they feel they are not good enough. Maybe they are overly critical of themselves, or maybe they know they have not lived the way God would want them to live. They may be afraid that Christians in church will judge them and reject them, and so they stay away. They say, â€Å"God couldn’t really love someone like me. God must be angry with me. † They could also be very adept at meeting the perceived expectations of others through self-denial. Denial, repression, splitting, and a false sense of self are often well-developed defense mechanisms. The black and white thinking expressed in such conflicting pairs of opposites as God vs. devil, church vs. world, sin vs. righteousness, leads to repression of anything that might possibly be construed as unacceptable. Constant self-monitoring and rigid self control, along with confession of every sin in prayer, are often considered the only means of avoiding divine condemnation. In the literalism characteristic of fundamentalism, an â€Å"evil† thought or feeling is regarded as just as sinful as an evil act. Impulses and feelings may be considered demonic in origin. In truth, religion can play a part in furthering the dysfunction of families. For one who has a dysfunctional family, its teachings of obedience, respect for authority and quiet compliance further enforce the debilitating situation. But when you dig deeper into what religion is, you will see clearly what God wants. Religious Institutions throughout history have used fear, control and manipulation to build kingdoms made by man. They have left many wounded or dead in the battlefield of Satan’s kingdom. Religion is a powerful tool of the enemy. An extreme example of this is The Taliban and Bin Laden. Religion teaches obedience to law. And Christ teaches grace. But the scripture has confined all under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. But before faith came, we were kept under guard by the law, kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed. † Galatians 3:22-23. Learning to trust wholeheartedly in God, and depend on Him to break free from whatever bondage, will bring emancipation from these bondages, and make an impact in our broken society. The church should be the one institution where the spirit of fear does not exist and coercion and manipulation are not practiced. IV. Healing dysfunctional families Two centuries ago there was relatively little dispute over the existence of God, or the societally beneficial effect of popular belief in a creator. In the twentieth century extensive secularization occurred in western nations, the United States being the only significant exception (Bishop; Bruce; Gill et al. ; Sommerville). Theists often assert that popular belief in a creator is instrumental towards providing the moral, ethical and other foundations necessary for a healthy, cohesive society. Many also contend that widespread acceptance of evolution, and/or denial of a creator, is contrary to these goals. As he helped initiate the American experiment Benjamin Franklin stated; â€Å"religion will be a powerful regulator of our actions, give us peace and tranquility within our minds, and render us benevolent, useful and beneficial to others† (Isaacson: 87-88). Changes in family life have transformed our society in the last thirty years. One of the biggest has been the virtual disappearance of the male-breadwinner lifestyle and the emerging dominance of the dual-earner couple. Working wives and mothers face questions about the effects of their choices on their children’s welfare and their own health under the strain of the â€Å"second shift,† while their husbands confront–and respond to in a variety of ways–new opportunities to construct a masculine identity not focused exclusively on breadwinning. Leaders in education, business, and government debate what policies should be in place to help people manage their work and family lives and who should bear the cost of work-family management. Changing patterns of family formation and disruption have also created widespread concern and vociferous policy debates. High divorce rates raise questions about the effects of divorce on children’s well-being and future success and how to make â€Å"blended† families work. The problems facing single-parent families have become a focus of policy makers, religious leaders, and the national media. Debates about homosexual unions have led to battles over gay and lesbian marriage in a number of states and many local controversies over what legal rights should be extended to homosexual partners. Delayed marriage and childbearing mean that more American households comprise single adults and childless couples, and remaining childless throughout life has become much more common, fueling concern among some about the decline of the family. All of these changes have led to an increasing pluralism in family life and a new consensus that there are many kinds of loving, caring families. Most people spend some portion of their adult lives outside of a nuclear family, forming and reforming family-like connections periodically over the course of their lives, causing many to rethink long-held assumptions about the necessity of marriage and parenting for adults’ happiness, security, and well-being. But this pluralism is intensely contested and debated for both moral and social philosophical reasons. Not everyone agrees about what constitutes â€Å"the good family† and what kinds of families are morally legitimate. Many people see the family as the bellwether of our society and find the rapid and numerous changes in family life over the last few decades to be troubling. Some even argue that a devaluing of family life, and especially of lifelong, heterosexual marriage, inevitably leads to a decline of the nation. These debates also focus on questions of resources and inequality. Who has access to the rights that marriage confers? Why does divorce lead to a reduction in women and children’s standard of living, and what can be done to change that? Making Changes Changes in family life have been a central concern for religious leaders, activists, and local communities of faith. Throughout American history, religion and family have been intertwined and interdependent institutions. Congregations, parishes, and synagogues have provided an important context for families to spend time together and have shaped the religious education and moral development of children and youths. Sociologists have long noted that marriage and parenthood make religion more important to people and increase their participation in local congregations. Sometimes, children who come from dysfunctional families continue in their roles because they are waiting for their parents to give their â€Å"permission†; to change. Like most people, parents in dysfunctional families often feel threatened by changes in their children. As a result, they may thwart efforts to change and insist that the children â€Å"change back. † Some specific changes one can do are: (1) Identify painful or difficult experiences that happened during your childhood; (2) Make a list of your behaviors, beliefs, etc. that you would like to change; (3) Next to each item on the list, write down the behavior, belief, etc. that you would like to do/have instead; (4) Pick one item on your list and begin practicing the alternate behavior or belief. Choose the easiest item first; (5) Once you are able to do the alternate behavior more often than the original, pick another item on the list and practice changing it, too; (6) Believe in God’s grace that he will heal all the painful experiences in your list (in no. 1) and pray His love will help you change all the behaviors listed and free you from bondage. References: Bishop, George. (1999). â€Å"What Americans Really Believe, and Why Faith Isn’t as Universal as They Think. † Free Inquiry 19(3): 38-42 Bruce, Steve. (2001). â€Å"Christianity in Britain, R. I. P. † Sociology of Religion 61: 191-203. Forward, S. (1989). Toxic parents: Overcoming their hurtful legacy and reclaiming your life. New York: Bantam Books. Gill, R, C. Hadaway and P. Marler 1998 â€Å"Is Religious Belief Declining in Britain? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37: 507-16 Isaacson, Walter. (2003) Benjamin Franklin: An American Life. New York, Simon & Schuster. â€Å"Meeting the Needs of Dysfunctional Families† Catechist, January, (1993) Sommerville, C. (2002) â€Å"Stark’s Age of Faith Argument and the Secularization of Things: A. Commentary. † Sociology of Religion 63: 361-72 Vannicelli, M. (1989). Group psychotherapy with adult children of alcoholics: treatment techniques and countertransference. New York: Guilford Press.

The Complex Communication of Gibbons Essay - 848 Words

This article discusses the form of communication that Gibbon monkeys use amongst their species. The argument that appears to be present throughout this article is that Gibbons are not only able to communicate with each other, but also that their communication system shares certain features with the human language system. Although I agree that this species’ communication system shares particular design features with the human language, the definition of language attests that this type of communication is not considered a language. The first of the five core design features discussed throughout this paper is semanticity. Semanticity is defined as specific sound signals that are directly tied to certain meanings (Bauer, 2006, pp.†¦show more content†¦However, I would argue the part of this design feature that deems this species’ communication as a definite, closed system. For instance, researchers describe Gibbon songs as including varying pitches that they use to combine up to seven notes to create more complex structures or phrases (Singing for Survival, 2006). In the human language system, the meaning of symbols and/or signals vary depending on certain contexts and situations. It appears that Gibbons have some capability to change their songs based on different situations they are engaging in such mating, warnings, etc. Therefore, I’ve concluded that these abilities demonstrate a certain amount of productivity. However, this species does not the competency to use an unlimited amount of utterances, which would essentially eliminate them from fully having this design feature in their communication system. Displacement is a design feature of language that we as humans are able to use to reference the past, future, and the hypothetical. 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